MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

on

WHAT IS MANUFACTURING?


INTRODUCTION:

Manufacturing is an activity of making goods and articles by hand or machine. It is concerned with transforming raw materials or semi-finished products into finished products. Transformation of raw material into finished product generally involves various processes. The processes involving the changing raw material into semi-finished products are called primary processes. Casting, rolling, forging, extrusions are considered as primary processes.
The process such as missioning, finishing etc., intended to obtain final projects with accurate size shape and desired surface finish are called secondary processes. The piece of material being processed is called workpiece. The techniques of manufacturing are called processes, tell the place where these processes are carried is known as workshop.
The aim of manufacturing is creating a usable end product at competitive price. In order to achieve this, a production engineer should know the available materials and production techniques. He must be able to select the most economic method of manufacturing. The choice of the most economic manufacturing method depends on materials to be used for shape and size of the component, type of production, accuracy and surface finish. Apart from these, the choice of appropriate manufacturing process also depends on the trend of engineering and thus cannot be laid down once and forever. The main Moto of manufacturing is to convert the raw material into final finished products which are ready to use by the customer or the consumer the manufacturing involves many different processors which are used to obtain the final product let us discuss in detail about the manufacturing processes which are involved in manufacturing product.

TYPES OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES:

the primary object of manufacturing is to produce a component having desired geometry pharma size and finish. The manufacturing processes (primary and secondary processes) can be classified as:
  1. Casting (solidification process) - starting materials is liquid.
  2. Metal forming or Metal working processes - starting material is solid which has sufficient plasticity.
  3. Machining or metal cutting - starting material is solid from which extra material is removed.
  4. Powder metallurgy or particulate process - starting material is powder. Powder is compacted into desired shape and heated (sintered).
  5. Joining and assembly process - joining of two or more parts in order to create new product.
  6. Surface treatment process - intended to remove dirt, oil and other contaminants from surface.
Certain processes such as heat treatment or sintering or intended to improve the properties of work materials. These processes do not alter the shape of the products.

1. Casting:

casting is defined as the shipping of material from the liquid state in a prepaid cavity, called mould. Casting and moulding processes are widely used to produce parts that often require machining.
Casting uses molten metal and cavity. Casting and molding involves:
  1. Making the pattern.
  2. Preparation of mould (cavity formed by the pattern).
  3. Pouring the molten metal into the mould.

The metal retains the desired shape of the mould after solidification. The component is then removed from the mould, cleaned and machined if necessary. An important advantage of casting is that the material can be converted into a desired shape in a single step, and in most cases the scrap material can be easily recycled.

2. Metal Forming:

in metal filling the material is shaped by plastic deformation with the aid of external pressure and heat. The basic purpose of farming is to modify the shape and size or physical properties of the material. Parts made by farming often require machining to achieve accurate size and shape.

Metal forming processes may be further classified into 2 types.
  • Hot working, and
  • Cold working.

Hardworking the metal is shaped a temperature greater than recrystallization temperature.
Example:
forging, hot rolling, hot extrusion etc.

In cold working the metal is shaped at the temperature less than recrystallization temperature. Most of the cold working processes are carried at the room temperature.
Example:
cold drawing, bending, squeezing etc.

3. Metal Cutting:

Metal cutting refers to the processes in which access material is removed from the stock by a cutting tool in the form of chips. These chips are formed by interaction of cutting tool with the material being machined. Metal cutting or machining what is the means of producing a prescribed surface finish, accurate size and shape.

The basic machining processes are turning, shaping, drilling, milling, sawing, broaching and grinding.

Turning Operation

Turning Operation
                                                      

Drilling


Milling


Sawing

Grinding


Comments

Post a Comment